Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the UK, affecting millions of people each year. While long-term management often involves therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and in some cases antidepressants, certain situations call for fast, short-term relief.
Diazepam, a medication in the benzodiazepine family, is one such option. Known for its calming, muscle-relaxing, and sedative effects, it can help reduce acute anxiety symptoms. However, it carries significant risks if misused, making safe and informed use essential.
This guide explains what diazepam is, when it’s prescribed for anxiety in the UK, how to take it safely, and the alternatives worth considering.
What Is Diazepam?
Diazepam is a prescription-only medicine (POM) in the UK, classified as a Class C controlled substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act. It belongs to a group of medications called benzodiazepines, which work by enhancing the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) — a neurotransmitter that reduces nerve activity in the brain.
By slowing down overactive brain signals, diazepam produces a calming effect, easing feelings of anxiety, tension, and panic.
When Diazepam Is Prescribed for Anxiety
In the UK, doctors may prescribe diazepam for anxiety in specific short-term situations, such as:
- Acute anxiety episodes linked to stressful life events
- Severe panic attacks that require immediate symptom relief
- Short-term support before surgery or medical procedures
- As part of hospital-based treatment for severe mental health crises
Diazepam is not a first-line treatment for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) or other chronic anxiety conditions. Long-term use can lead to dependence and withdrawal issues.
UK Dosage Guidelines for Anxiety
When prescribed for anxiety, typical UK doses are:
- Adults: 2 mg to 5 mg taken up to three times a day
- In severe cases: up to 10 mg three times a day (short term only)
- Older adults: lower doses (e.g., 1 mg to 2 mg) to reduce side effect risks
The dose and duration should be tailored to individual needs, with the shortest effective treatment period — usually no longer than 2 to 4 weeks.
How to Take Diazepam Safely
- Follow your GP’s instructions exactly — do not adjust your dose without medical advice.
- Take tablets with water; they can be taken with or without food.
- Avoid alcohol — it can dangerously increase sedation.
- Do not drive or operate heavy machinery if you feel drowsy, dizzy, or less alert.
- Never share your prescription with others.
Common Side Effects
While diazepam is generally well tolerated for short periods, side effects can occur:
- Drowsiness and fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Muscle weakness
- Blurred vision
- Slowed reaction times
More serious risks include memory problems, confusion (especially in older adults), and rare allergic reactions.
Risks of Dependence and Withdrawal
Benzodiazepines, including diazepam, can cause physical and psychological dependence if taken for long periods or at high doses. Withdrawal symptoms may include:
- Rebound anxiety and irritability
- Insomnia
- Muscle pain and tremors
- Sweating and restlessness
This is why diazepam should always be tapered off under medical supervision, not stopped suddenly.
Precautions and Interactions
Diazepam may not be suitable for you if you have:
- Severe liver or kidney problems
- Sleep apnoea or other breathing issues
- A history of substance misuse
- Myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness)
- Depression with suicidal thoughts
It can also interact with other medications, including:
- Opioid painkillers
- Antidepressants
- Antihistamines
- Other sedatives or sleeping pills
Always give your GP a full list of medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you take.
Alternatives to Diazepam for Anxiety
For many people, non-benzodiazepine options are safer for long-term anxiety management:
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) – The NHS-recommended first-line treatment for most anxiety disorders.
- SSRIs and SNRIs – Antidepressants such as sertraline or venlafaxine can reduce anxiety symptoms without the same dependency risks.
- Buspirone – A non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic.
- Lifestyle adjustments – Exercise, mindfulness, and breathing techniques can help regulate stress responses.
FAQs
Can I drink alcohol while taking diazepam?
No. Alcohol significantly increases sedation and can cause dangerous breathing problems when combined with diazepam.
Is diazepam addictive?
Yes, especially if taken daily for more than a few weeks. Always follow your doctor’s instructions and limit use to short-term situations.
Can I drive on diazepam?
Not if you feel drowsy or your reactions are slowed. UK law allows driving only if you’re not impaired and have the drug legally prescribed, but most people should avoid driving while on it.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Never double up.
Can I take diazepam during pregnancy?
It’s not usually recommended due to potential risks to the baby. Your doctor will assess whether the benefits outweigh the risks.