Sleep problems are increasingly common in the UK, with millions experiencing difficulty falling or staying asleep. For short-term insomnia, one of the most commonly prescribed medications is zopiclone — a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic. While it can be effective, it’s also a medicine that requires careful use to avoid dependence, side effects, and tolerance.
This guide explains how zopiclone works, who it’s for, how to use it safely, and alternative strategies for improving sleep quality.
What Is Zopiclone?
Zopiclone belongs to a class of medicines known as “Z-drugs” (along with zolpidem and zaleplon). These drugs are designed to help people fall asleep faster and stay asleep for longer without some of the same dependency risks associated with older benzodiazepines.
In the UK, zopiclone is available only on prescription and is usually prescribed for short-term use (two to four weeks maximum).
How Zopiclone Works
Zopiclone acts on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter that slows down brain activity, promoting calmness and making it easier to sleep. By enhancing GABA’s effects, zopiclone helps you fall asleep quicker and improves sleep continuity.
Unlike some older sedatives, zopiclone has a relatively short half-life (around 5 hours), which means it’s less likely to cause next-day drowsiness — though this can still happen, especially at higher doses.
When Zopiclone May Be Prescribed
Doctors may prescribe zopiclone if you have:
- Short-term insomnia caused by stress, travel, or lifestyle changes
- Difficulty falling asleep (sleep-onset insomnia)
- Difficulty staying asleep (sleep-maintenance insomnia)
- Temporary sleep disruption after illness or surgery
It is not intended for chronic insomnia without further evaluation and should be used alongside non-drug strategies.
Dosage Guidelines in the UK
In the UK, the usual adult dose is 7.5 mg taken just before bedtime. For older adults or people with liver or kidney issues, a lower dose of 3.75 mg is often prescribed to reduce the risk of side effects.
Key safety tips for dosing:
- Only take zopiclone when you can get a full night’s sleep (7–8 hours) before you need to be active again.
- Do not take more than prescribed, and do not “top up” in the middle of the night.
- Avoid alcohol — it can dangerously enhance sedation.
Common Side Effects
Most people tolerate zopiclone well, but side effects can occur:
- Bitter or metallic taste in the mouth
- Dry mouth
- Daytime drowsiness or fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
Less common but more serious effects include confusion, memory problems, and rare allergic reactions.
Risks of Long-Term Use
While zopiclone can be highly effective in the short term, prolonged use increases the risk of:
- Tolerance – The body adjusts to the drug, meaning higher doses are needed for the same effect.
- Dependence – Stopping suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, or rebound insomnia.
- Memory and coordination problems – Especially in older adults, increasing the risk of falls.
For these reasons, doctors typically limit prescriptions to a short duration.
Safe Use Tips for Zopiclone
- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time.
- Stick to your prescribed schedule and avoid taking extra doses.
- Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs.
- Inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking to avoid interactions.
- Combine with lifestyle changes to address the root cause of insomnia.
Non-Drug Strategies to Support Sleep While on Zopiclone
To get the most from zopiclone while reducing your reliance on it, adopt healthy sleep habits:
Establish a consistent bedtime routine
Go to bed and wake up at the same times each day, even on weekends.
Optimise your sleep environment
Keep your bedroom cool, dark, and quiet. Use blackout curtains and earplugs if needed.
Limit screen time before bed
Blue light from phones and laptops can delay melatonin production.
Watch caffeine intake
Avoid coffee, tea, and energy drinks after midday.
Practice relaxation techniques
Try deep breathing, meditation, or gentle stretching before bed.
When to Avoid Zopiclone
Zopiclone may not be suitable for you if you have:
- Severe liver disease
- Breathing difficulties (e.g., sleep apnoea)
- A history of substance misuse
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding (unless advised by a specialist)
Always discuss your full medical history with your GP before starting treatment.
FAQs
Can I drive the next day after taking zopiclone?
It’s not recommended to drive if you feel drowsy, dizzy, or unable to concentrate the next day. For some people, residual effects can last into the morning.
Is zopiclone addictive?
Yes, if used for longer than prescribed. Always follow your GP’s instructions and avoid abrupt discontinuation after long-term use.
Can I take zopiclone with other medications?
Some medicines, especially other sedatives, antidepressants, or anti-anxiety drugs, can interact with zopiclone. Always check with your doctor or pharmacist.
What happens if I miss a dose?
If you miss your usual bedtime dose, skip it and take your next scheduled dose the following night. Do not double up.
Is zopiclone safe for older adults?
It can be prescribed at lower doses, but older adults are more susceptible to side effects such as confusion and falls.